Landmark 2km HDD subsea pipeline delivered for remote island community

Author
Stuart Stephens, Director of Special Projects
6 May 2026

The Shapinsay subsea pipeline project in the Orkney Islands represents a critical infrastructure upgrade aimed at providing a reliable, long-term water supply to one of Scotland’s remote island communities.

Delivered for Scottish Water, the scheme involved installing a subsea pipeline between mainland Orkney and the island of Shapinsay, ensuring a secure and improved water source following declining water quality on the island.

At just under 2km in length, the crossing is believed to be the longest land-to-land, subsea, directionally drilled utility pipeline in the UK.

Stockton Group was brought in use our drilling expertise to work through difficult geological conditions, while meeting the challenges of working in a remote environment.

Decor Landmark 2km HDD subsea pipeline delivered for remote island community
Horizontal Directional Drilling and specialist equipment utilised

Horizontal Directional Drilling and specialist equipment utilised

Stockton deployed a 250-tonne HDD rig to Carness Point on mainland Orkney, to execute the long-distance subsea installation through challenging geological conditions.

A 317mm diameter pilot hole was drilled through the siltstone and the sandstone using top of the range HDX tungsten carbide drill bits.

The drilling operation required precision control and high-performance tooling to navigate through bedrock with compressive strengths of up to 120 MPa. This bedrock proved to be much harder and more compact at the planned drilling depth of 50m below the entry point elevation.

After exiting on the island of Shapinsay, the prefabricated pipeline was pulled into the drilled borehole.

Project Summary

Subsea HDD crossing between Orkney mainland and Shapinsay Island
Installation of 180mm HDPE water pipeline
Drilled through hard bedrock conditions
Critical infrastructure to support remote community water supply
One of the longest HDD subsea utility pipelines in the UK

Project Breakdown

2km
crossing

Landmark subsea HDD installation

Remote community impact

Provides reliable water supply to Shapinsay

Strategic infrastructure

Connects island to mainland reservoir

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

The subsea nature of the project and remote island location presented a number of logistical and environmental considerations.

Careful control of drilling fluids was required to maintain bore stability while preventing environmental impact. The remote setting also required precise planning of logistics, equipment mobilisation, and communication to ensure safe and efficient delivery.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

NAVIGATING DIFFICULT GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Stockton mobilised its HDD spread to Carness Point on mainland Orkney, where a pilot bore was drilled through challenging geological conditions, including siltstone and sandstone formations.

The bore exited on the island of Shapinsay, where a prefabricated pipeline assembled in a single continuous length was prepared for installation.

To facilitate the pipe pull operation, the pipeline was pressure tested and filled with water to improve buoyancy, and a high-strength SDR6 pipeline design was selected to withstand installation forces. Stockton also used real-time communication systems (UHF and VHF radios) to coordinate operations across teams.

Once the bore was completed, the pipeline was successfully pulled through in a single continuous operation. Pulling forces remained well within safe limits, never exceeding 50% of the pipeline’s yield strength.

Despite the extreme length, challenging geology, and remote location, the installation was completed safely and efficiently, delivering a vital piece of infrastructure for the island community.

NAVIGATING DIFFICULT GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS